SUBJECTIVITY VERSUS SUBJECTIVIZATION
I will begin by
distinguishing between subjectivity and subjectivization. Subjectivity for
Lacan is the condition of the subject, the split-subject. Subjectivization, on
the other hand, is the precondition for both Althusser’s subject of
interpellation and the poststructuralist subject-position. The subject opens up
the space for subjectivization. The subject for Lacan is not the result of ideological
interpellation but is instead the abyss which makes way for that interpellation.
But what does it mean to
speak of the abyss of subjectivity? The most basic moment here, of course, is
the example of when I speak about myself: the I who speaks and the I who is
spoken of can never occupy the same point—because of the nature of
signification and language, I can never be identical to myself. An abyss
separates the speaking I from the spoken I. But there is also the Hegelian
sense of the abyss of subjectivity, a sense appropriate for Lacan as well: the
subject of a proposition can never be adequate to its predicates. In other
words, the subject is not a stable thing upon which its predicates depend for
their existence. For example, when I say, “God is good,” the
subject of the proposition, “God,” is presented as equivalent to
its predicate, “good.” But for Hegel this proposition of
equivalence or identity becomes through its very form a proposition of
nonidentity. The “is” of the proposition separates subject and
predicate, making their unity-in-identity forever impossible. The relationship
between the words “God” and “good” is not one of
identity but one of negation. To take another example, no existing democracy
ever quite matches up to the concept of Democracy, and yet the concept itself
is totally meaningless without these attributes. The predicates are never quite
it, never quite good enough, and are thus constantly swallowed up into the
vacuum of the subject. This is one sense in which, for Hegel as for Lacan, the
subject is nothing but pure negativity. In psychoanalytic terms, the subject is
nothing but the negativity at the heart of our traumatic confrontation with the
Real, those points at which our experience of the world as meaningful breaks
down.